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Providing liquidity

Lesson 3 of 6
By the end of this lesson you’ll be able to say what a liquidity provider earns and what they carry, work out impermanent loss for any price move, and tell a pool that pays from trading from one that pays from printing.
A collage. A small man in a dark suit and hat, seen from behind, stands at full stretch with one foot on each of two great ice floes, over a widening channel of deep blue water, under a black sky.

What a provider puts in and gets back

A pool needs tokens on both sides before anyone can swap. The people who deposit them are liquidity providers, and the pool pays them the swap fee on every trade, in proportion to their share. In the pool from lesson 2, each trade left 0.3 percent of what was put in behind for the providers.

You deposit both tokens in the pool’s current ratio, say 1 ETH and 2,000 USDC when ETH is $2,000, and you receive a receipt token that records your share. When you withdraw, you hand the receipt back and get your share of whatever the pool holds then, plus your share of the fees.

You deposit
Both tokens, in the pool’s current ratio
↓
You hold
A receipt token that records your share
↓
You withdraw
Your share of the pool as it stands then, plus fees

Whatever the pool holds then is the catch, because the pool’s holdings change with every trade.

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